What is Governor Limits in Salesforce?

What is a Governor Limit?

Governor limits are runtime limits enforced by the Apex runtime engine to ensure that code does not throw errors. 

As Apex runs in a shared, multi-tenant environment, the Apex runtime engine strictly enforces a number of limits to ensure that code does not monopolize shared resources. Resources such as CPU, processor, and bandwidth are shared by Apex on the Salesforce server.

Governor Limits

1. Monitor and manage platform resources such as memory, database resources, etc.
2. Enable multi-tenancy by ensuring the resources are available for all tenants on the platform.
3. Can issue program-terminating runtime exceptions when the limit is exceeded.
4. Are typically reset per transaction.
5. Are subject to change from release to release.

Governor Limits Basically Cover

1. Memory.
2. Database Resources.
3. A number of script statements.
4. A number of records were processed.